Turabian Format

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Turabian format has many forms: reference lists with in-text citations, and bibliographies with footnotes or endnotes. Consult your department to find out the preferred citation style. Section numbers in this handout are based on the 6th edition (1996).

 

General Format

Title Page

For term papers, if a sample sheet is not provided, the title page might include the name of the university or college (usually centered near the top of the sheet), the full title of the paper, the course (including department and section number), the date, and the name of the writer. The title page counts as i but the number is not shown (1.7).

Abstracts

An abstract briefly summarizes the thesis and contents of the paper. Contact your department for specifics (1.32).

Page Numbering

Page numbers appear in different places on the page. If there is a title on the page, center the page number 1 inch from the bottom. On pages without titles, center numbers 1 inch and 1 inch from the right margin (14.6-9, 14.36).

Block Quotations

Single space all text in a block quotation, and indent the entire passage 4 spaces from the left margin. If a block quotation constitutes an entire paragraph from the original source, begin the quotation indented eight spaces and indent the rest of the quotation the usual four spaces (5.30-34, 14.37).

Subheadings

The principle, or first-level, subheading should have greater atten¬tion value than the lower levels. A page should never end with a subhead (1.37-38).

 

Methods Of Citation

Parenthetical references, footnotes, and endnotes are the most commonly used citations. Whereas a reference list cites references, footnotes may contain references and additional explanatory information.

Parenthetical References

Parenthetical citations consist mainly of two elements–-the author’s name and publishing date. A single author citation would look like this before the period (Richardson 1979, 45). This includes the author's last name, the publishing date, and the page number. Use this type of parenthetical reference when the author's name has not been introduced in the text. If the name of the author, Richardson, has been used, cite this way (1979, 45) (10.2-4).

Footnotes

Footnotes must contain all the information necessary to locate the source in a library: complete author's name, complete title, editor, compiler or translator, series volume number, date of publication, city where published, publisher, page number of particular quotation. Subsequent footnotes on the same source may be short¬ened to include the author's last name, a shortened title, and the page number of citation. Footnotes should begin with 1 in a chap¬ter or paper and continue consecutively in the text or chapter (1.46, 8.2).

Examples: Moroni Young, Introduction to the New World (Manti, Utah: New Press, 1992), 44.
Hyrum Pratt, Saving the Mayans (London: A&P Press, 1988), 23-30.
Young, Introduction, 47.

Endnotes

Endnotes may have the same content as footnotes. In term papers, they are numbered consecu¬tively throughout the paper. Superscript Arabic numerals are used as indicators in the text, but full sized, on-line Arabic numerals, followed by periods, precede the endnotes themselves. All endnotes are grouped in the back matter under the heading Notes. Endnotes are usually used only in published materials (1.46).

Bibliography

If parenthetical references are used, references are compiled on a reference list entitled Works Cited, References, or some other appropriate title (Chap 11). If footnotes are used, references are compiled in a list entitled Selected Bibliography, Works Cited, Sources Consulted, etc. (9.2, 14.42). Chapter 11 compares the format for these two styles.

Reference List (using parenthetical references)—book with a single author:

Corrigan, Timothy. 1999. Film and Literature: An Introduction and Reader. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Selected Bibliography (using notes)—book with a single author:

Corrigan, Timothy. Film and Literature: An Introduction and Reader. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.

Revised by James Gunter, summer 2005